A WATERSPOUT AT CLOSE RANGE.1

A Close Look at Proteins

Proteins, macromolecules of almost unmatched complexity, display highly specific functionalities only when folded into a distinct three-dimensional (3d) configuration. Protein folding, a complex self-assembly process, thus links the protein’s functionality to the atomic arrangement of the peptide chain. Consequently the protein’s three-dimensional shape as well as its peptide sequence are of pi...

On Closed Operators with Closed Range1

It is well-known that if T is an everywhere defined bounded operator on a Banach space X to a Banach space Y and T* is its adjoint, then the range R(T*) of T* is closed in X* if and only if the range R(T) of T is closed in Y (cf. [2, pp. 487-489]). The object of this note is to establish this result for closed but possibly unbounded operators. This result, for the unbounded case, is of great ut...

A close look at wiggly chromosomes.

In a recent issue of Cell, Fisher et al. (2013) use high-resolution time-lapse imaging to peer into bacterial genome (nucleoid) structure. The nucleoid, an elastic filament confined via an internal network, undergoes periodic fluctuations critical in relieving tension. Programmed tethers and their release highlight a primordial mechanical cycle for chromosome segregation.

A Close Look at Composition Languages

A large number of different composition systems and techniques have been developed over the last years. To compare their relative benefits and drawbacks, we need a common vocabulary for describing elements of composition systems. This paper contributes to the search for such a vocabulary by taking a closer look at the structure of composition languages—that is, languages used for describing com...

A Close Look at Constraint-Based Concurrency